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     Gel: 12%SDS-PAGE, Lysate: 40 μg, Lane: K562 cell lysate, Primary antibody: P12103(RNLS Antibody) at dilution 1/800, Secondary antibody: Goat anti rabbit IgG at 1/5000 dilution, Exposure time: 2 minutes    

  
  

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human breast cancer tissue using P12103(RNLS Antibody) at dilution 1/55. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

**Background of RNLS Antibodies**

Renalase (RNLS), a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent oxidase discovered in 2005. is encoded by the *RNLS* gene and plays a critical role in metabolizing circulating catecholamines, regulating blood pressure, and modulating cell survival. Structurally, it exists as a secretory protein (37 kDa) and multiple intracellular isoforms generated by alternative splicing. RNLS is highly expressed in the kidney, heart, and liver, and its dysregulation is linked to hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, and cancer.

RNLS antibodies are tools used to detect RNLS expression, localization, and function in research and diagnostics. Polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies target specific epitopes, aiding in studies of RNLS’s role in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K/AKT/STAT3). Therapeutic potential is being explored, with recombinant RNLS or neutralizing antibodies investigated for treating cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.

Challenges include RNLS’s structural complexity (e.g., splice variants, post-translational modifications) affecting antibody specificity. Despite this, RNLS remains a promising biomarker and therapeutic target, driving ongoing research into its pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical applications.