The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) primarily expressed in pancreatic β-cells, brain, and gastrointestinal tissues. It plays a central role in glucose homeostasis by mediating the incretin effect of GLP-1. a hormone that enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, and delays gastric emptying. Dysregulation of GLP1R signaling is implicated in type 2 diabetes and obesity, making it a key therapeutic target. GLP1R agonists (e.g., semaglutide) are widely used clinically.
GLP1R antibodies are critical tools for studying receptor localization, expression, and signaling mechanisms. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies enable applications like immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and Western blotting to map tissue distribution or quantify receptor levels. Some antibodies act as antagonists or agonists, providing insights into receptor activation pathways. Challenges in antibody development include structural complexity of GPCRs, low receptor abundance, and potential cross-reactivity with homologous receptors (e.g., glucagon receptor). Recent advances in cryo-EM and nanobody technology have improved antibody specificity. Therapeutic GLP1R-targeting antibodies are being explored for diabetes/obesity management, though none are clinically approved yet. Research also focuses on developing allosteric modulators and biased ligands using antibody-based screening platforms.