VDAC3 (Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 3) is one of three isoforms (VDAC1. VDAC2. VDAC3) of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins that regulate metabolite transport, calcium signaling, and apoptosis. While VDAC1 and VDAC2 are well-characterized, VDAC3 remains less understood due to its lower abundance and distinct functional properties. It shares ~70% sequence homology with VDAC1 but contains unique structural features, including additional cysteine residues, suggesting a specialized role in redox regulation or oxidative stress responses. VDAC3 is implicated in sperm motility, ciliary function, and cellular energy metabolism, with studies linking its dysfunction to male infertility, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer progression.
VDAC3 antibodies are essential tools for investigating its expression, localization, and interactions. They enable detection via techniques like Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, aiding in the study of tissue-specific expression patterns. Research highlights VDAC3's potential role in modulating mitochondrial permeability transition pores and its crosstalk with cytosolic signaling pathways. However, challenges persist in distinguishing VDAC3 from other isoforms due to structural similarities, necessitating antibody validation using knockout controls. Recent studies also explore its post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation) under stress conditions, emphasizing its adaptability in cellular homeostasis. Overall, VDAC3 antibodies are pivotal for unraveling its unique contributions to mitochondrial physiology and pathology.