The AK1 antibody targets adenylate kinase 1 (AK1), a conserved enzyme critical for cellular energy homeostasis by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate groups between adenosine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP). AK1 is ubiquitously expressed, with high activity in tissues requiring rapid energy turnover, such as skeletal muscle, brain, and erythrocytes. It localizes primarily in the cytoplasm and mitochondria-associated compartments, playing a key role in maintaining nucleotide balance, especially under metabolic stress. Dysregulation of AK1 has been linked to hemolytic anemia, neurological disorders, and cancer, where altered nucleotide metabolism supports tumor proliferation.
AK1-specific antibodies are widely used in research to study metabolic adaptations in diseases, protein localization, and expression patterns. Recent studies highlight AK1's involvement in tumor microenvironment reprogramming and chemoresistance, making it a potential therapeutic target. Commercial AK1 antibodies are typically validated via Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, with applications spanning basic research to diagnostic development. Despite its established role in energy metabolism, ongoing research aims to unravel AK1's non-catalytic functions, including its interplay with signaling pathways in stress responses and disease progression.