The ITGA4 antibody targets the alpha-4 subunit of integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) and α4β7. cell adhesion molecules critical for immune cell trafficking and inflammation. Integrin α4 binds to ligands like VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1. facilitating leukocyte migration across endothelial barriers into tissues. This pathway is pivotal in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, making ITGA4 a therapeutic focus.
Monoclonal antibodies against ITGA4 (e.g., natalizumab) block α4-mediated adhesion, inhibiting immune cell infiltration into organs like the brain or gut. Natalizumab, approved for multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease, demonstrates efficacy by reducing relapse rates. However, long-term use carries risks, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), necessitating careful patient monitoring.
In research, ITGA4 antibodies are tools to study leukocyte-endothelial interactions, lymphocyte homing, and disease mechanisms. They enable flow cytometry to assess α4 expression on immune cells or validate experimental models of inflammation, cancer metastasis, or fibrosis. Challenges include balancing therapeutic benefits with immunosuppressive risks and optimizing selectivity to minimize off-target effects.
Overall, ITGA4 antibodies bridge translational research and clinical practice, offering insights into immune dysregulation while underscoring the need for targeted, safe immunotherapies.