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Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Phenethylboronic acid Phenethylboronic acid 34420-17-2 C8H11BO2
D-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate D-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate 58-95-7 C31H52O3
2-ETHOXY-1-NAPHTHALDEHYDE 2-ETHOXY-1-NAPHTHALDEHYDE 19523-57-0 C13H12O2
2-ACETYLCYCLOHEXANONE 2-ACETYLCYCLOHEXANONE 874-23-7 C8H12O2
5,6-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline 5,6-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline 3002-81-1 C14H12N2
2-Methoxyhydroquinone 2-Methoxyhydroquinone 824-46-4 C7H8O3
1-(4-CHLORO-2-METHYLPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1-(4-CHLORO-2-METHYLPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 63980-71-2 C8H9ClN2S
3-ETHOXY THIOPHENOL 3-ETHOXY THIOPHENOL 86704-82-7 C8H10OS
3-(4-Methylbenzoyl)propionic acid 3-(4-Methylbenzoyl)propionic acid 4619-20-9 C11H12O3
1,8-Octanedithiol 1,8-Octanedithiol 1191-62-4 C8H18S2
(4-METHOXYPHENYL)-BORANE (4-METHOXYPHENYL)-BORANE 45713-46-0 C7H9BO
1-Amino-2-naphthol hydrochloride 1-Amino-2-naphthol hydrochloride 1198-27-2 C10H10ClNO
9-ETHYL-3-(N-METHYL-N-PHENYLHYDRAZONOMETHYL)CARBAZOLE 9-ETHYL-3-(N-METHYL-N-PHENYLHYDRAZONOMETHYL)CARBAZOLE 75232-44-9 C22H21N3
2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE 2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE 1743-86-8 C8H4F3NS
Thioxanthen-9-one Thioxanthen-9-one 492-22-8 C13H8OS
2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzophenone 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzophenone 1143-72-2 C13H10O4
3,3'-BIS(METHYLAMINO)-N-METHYLDIPROPYLAMINE 3,3'-BIS(METHYLAMINO)-N-METHYLDIPROPYLAMINE 123-70-6 C9H23N3
2,5-DICHLOROTHIOPHENE-3-SULFINIC ACID SODIUM SALT 2,5-DICHLOROTHIOPHENE-3-SULFINIC ACID SODIUM SALT 363179-59-3 C4HCl2NaO2S2
3,5-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL ISOCYANATE 3,5-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL ISOCYANATE 16588-74-2 C9H3F6NO
2-FLUOROPHENYL ISOCYANATE 2-FLUOROPHENYL ISOCYANATE 16744-98-2 C7H4FNO
1-(5-NITROFURFURYLIDENE)AMINOGUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE 1-(5-NITROFURFURYLIDENE)AMINOGUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE 946-48-5 C6H10ClN5O3
Diacetyl hydrazine Diacetyl hydrazine 3148-73-0 C4H8N2O2
NAPHTHALENE-2,3-DICARBOXALDEHYDE NAPHTHALENE-2,3-DICARBOXALDEHYDE 7149-49-7 C12H8O2
3-METHYL-1-OCTYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE 3-METHYL-1-OCTYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE 304680-36-2 C12H23F6N2P
(1-Aminocyclopropyl)methanol (1-Aminocyclopropyl)methanol 107017-72-1 C4H9NO
1,4-PHENYLENE DIISOTHIOCYANATE 1,4-PHENYLENE DIISOTHIOCYANATE 4044-65-9 C8H4N2S2
2,6-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZOIC ACID 2,6-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZOIC ACID 24821-22-5 C9H4F6O2
4-NITROCATECHOL 4-NITROCATECHOL 3316-09-4 C6H5NO4
N,N-Dimethylformamide di-tert-butyl acetal N,N-Dimethylformamide di-tert-butyl acetal 36805-97-7 C11H25NO2
3-METHYL-2-BUTANOL 3-METHYL-2-BUTANOL 598-75-4 C5H12O
N,N-Dibutylformamide N,N-Dibutylformamide 761-65-9 C9H19NO
Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate 582-33-2 C9H11NO2
1-(2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1-(2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 90617-76-8 C7H5Cl3N2S
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl acrylate 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl acrylate 407-47-6 C5H5F3O2
Nervonic acid Nervonic acid 506-37-6 C24H46O2
2-(HEXYLOXY)ETHANOL 2-(HEXYLOXY)ETHANOL 112-25-4 C8H18O2
(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl)phenylboronic acid (4-Hydroxy-2-methyl)phenylboronic acid 493035-82-8 C7H9BO3
2'-Fluoro-4'-hydroxyacetophenone 2'-Fluoro-4'-hydroxyacetophenone 98619-07-9 C8H7FO2
ALLYLDIMETHYLCHLOROSILANE ALLYLDIMETHYLCHLOROSILANE 4028-23-3 C5H11ClSi
1'-HYDROXY-2'-ACETONAPHTHONE 1'-HYDROXY-2'-ACETONAPHTHONE 711-79-5 C12H10O2
ISOPROPENYLOXYTRIMETHYLSILANE ISOPROPENYLOXYTRIMETHYLSILANE 1833-53-0 C6H14OSi
2-BUTOXYPHENYLBORONIC ACID 2-BUTOXYPHENYLBORONIC ACID 91129-69-0 C10H15BO3
Methyl 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate Methyl 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate 2150-38-1 C10H12O4
Trimethoxy[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl)ethyl]silane Trimethoxy[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl)ethyl]silane 3388-04-3 C11H22O4Si
3-Methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid 3-Methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid 17153-20-7 C5H5NO3
4-PHENYLETHYNYLPHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE 4-PHENYLETHYNYLPHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE 119389-05-8 C16H8O3
ETHYL ALLOPHANATE ETHYL ALLOPHANATE 626-36-8 C4H8N2O3
ALPHA-KETOBUTYRIC ACID SODIUM SALT ALPHA-KETOBUTYRIC ACID SODIUM SALT 2013-26-5 C4H5NaO3
TRANS-1,2-BIS(PHENYLSULFONYL)ETHYLENE TRANS-1,2-BIS(PHENYLSULFONYL)ETHYLENE 963-16-6 C14H12O4S2
VALERIC ANHYDRIDE VALERIC ANHYDRIDE 2082-59-9 C10H18O3
Diisobutyl adipate Diisobutyl adipate 141-04-8 C14H26O4
BUTYL TRIFLATE BUTYL TRIFLATE 75618-25-6 C5H9F3O3S
3-Acetoacetylamino-4-methoxytoluene-6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt 3-Acetoacetylamino-4-methoxytoluene-6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt 72705-22-7 C12H18N2O6S
Ethylidene diacetate Ethylidene diacetate 542-10-9 C6H10O4
6,13-Pentacenequinone 6,13-Pentacenequinone 3029-32-1 C22H12O2
CHLORODIMETHYLVINYLSILANE CHLORODIMETHYLVINYLSILANE 1719-58-0 C4H9ClSi
1-(2-CHLOROETHYL)-4-METHOXYBENZENE 1-(2-CHLOROETHYL)-4-METHOXYBENZENE 18217-00-0 C9H11ClO
4-Acetylbenzenesulfonyl chloride 4-Acetylbenzenesulfonyl chloride 1788-10-9 C8H7ClO3S
3-(ACRYLOYLOXY)PROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE 3-(ACRYLOYLOXY)PROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE 4369-14-6 C9H18O5Si
Salicylhydroxamic acid Salicylhydroxamic acid 89-73-6 C7H7NO3
RESORCINOL MONOBENZOATE RESORCINOL MONOBENZOATE 136-36-7 C13H10O3
1,3-Dibutyl-2-thiourea 1,3-Dibutyl-2-thiourea 109-46-6 C9H20N2S
4,4'-AZOXYANISOLE 4,4'-AZOXYANISOLE 1562-94-3 C14H14N2O3
1,1-Cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester 1,1-Cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester 6914-71-2 C7H10O4
1-(4-ETHYLPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1-(4-ETHYLPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 22265-78-7 C9H12N2S
4-Iodo-3-nitrobenzoic acid 4-Iodo-3-nitrobenzoic acid 35674-27-2 C7H4INO4
Iodomethyl pivalate Iodomethyl pivalate 53064-79-2 C6H11IO2
1,2,4,5-TETRAKIS(TERT-BUTYLTHIO)BENZENE 1,2,4,5-TETRAKIS(TERT-BUTYLTHIO)BENZENE 447463-65-2 C22H38S4
6-Fluoro-2-methylindanone 6-Fluoro-2-methylindanone 37794-19-7 C10H9FO
2,4,6-Triiodophenol 2,4,6-Triiodophenol 609-23-4 C6H3I3O
2-METHOXYPHENOXYACETIC ACID 2-METHOXYPHENOXYACETIC ACID 1878-85-9 C9H10O4
(+)-MENTHYL CHLOROFORMATE (+)-MENTHYL CHLOROFORMATE 7635-54-3 C11H19ClO2
2-(TRIMETHYLSILYL)PHENYL TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE 2-(TRIMETHYLSILYL)PHENYL TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE 88284-48-4 C10H13F3O3SSi
Dibutyl squarate Dibutyl squarate 2892-62-8 C12H18O4
2,3-DICHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL 2,3-DICHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL 38594-42-2 C7H6Cl2O
Methyl 4-acetamido-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate Methyl 4-acetamido-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate 4093-31-6 C11H12ClNO4
NONYLPHENOL NONYLPHENOL 84852-15-3 C15H24O
METHYL 5-ACETYLSALICYLATE METHYL 5-ACETYLSALICYLATE 16475-90-4 C10H10O4
Methylene-bis(4-cyclohexylisocyanate) Methylene-bis(4-cyclohexylisocyanate) 5124-30-1 C15H22N2O2
ACETONYLTRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE ACETONYLTRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE 1235-21-8 C21H20ClOP
1,1-DIMETHOXYCYCLOHEXANE 1,1-DIMETHOXYCYCLOHEXANE 933-40-4 C8H16O2
BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) SULFOXIDE BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) SULFOXIDE 82374-34-3 C16H34OS
ADOGEN(R) 464 ADOGEN(R) 464 63393-96-4 C25H54ClN
P-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID N-OCTADECYL ESTER P-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID N-OCTADECYL ESTER 3386-32-1 C25H44O3S
METHYL LINOLENATE METHYL LINOLENATE 301-00-8 C19H32O2
Pyrocatechol Violet Pyrocatechol Violet 115-41-3 C19H14O7S
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 65039-09-0 C6H11ClN2
Trioctyl trimellitate Trioctyl trimellitate 3319-31-1 C33H54O6
DUROQUINONE DUROQUINONE 527-17-3 C10H12O2
ALDICARB-SULFOXIDE ALDICARB-SULFOXIDE 1646-87-3 C7H14N2O3S
4-CHLORO-2-METHYLBENZALDEHYDE 4-CHLORO-2-METHYLBENZALDEHYDE 40137-29-9 C8H7ClO
4-(4-Methylphenylthio)benzophenone 4-(4-Methylphenylthio)benzophenone 83846-85-9 C20H16OS
Ammonium benzoate Ammonium benzoate 1863-63-4 C7H9NO2
Benzoylcyclohexane Benzoylcyclohexane 712-50-5 C13H16O
3',5'-Dichloroacetophenone 3',5'-Dichloroacetophenone 14401-72-0 C8H6Cl2O
5-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione 5-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione 481-39-0 C10H6O3
N-Ethyl-1-naphthylamine N-Ethyl-1-naphthylamine 118-44-5 C12H13N
1-BUTYLPYRIDINIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE 1-BUTYLPYRIDINIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE 186088-50-6 C9H14F6NP
(4-METHYL-PIPERAZIN-1-YL)-ACETIC ACID (4-METHYL-PIPERAZIN-1-YL)-ACETIC ACID 54699-92-2 C7H14N2O2
2-METHYL-1-NITRONAPHTHALENE 2-METHYL-1-NITRONAPHTHALENE 881-03-8 C11H9NO2
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