The guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) antibody is a tool used to detect and study GBP1. a member of the dynamin superfamily of large GTPases. GBP1 is primarily induced by interferon (IFN) signaling, particularly IFN-γ, and plays a critical role in innate immunity, inflammation, and cell-autonomous host defense mechanisms. It exhibits antiviral and antibacterial activities by disrupting pathogen membranes, modulating immune responses, and regulating inflammasome activation. GBP1 also influences cellular processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cytoskeletal remodeling.
Antibodies targeting GBP1 are widely employed in research to investigate its expression, localization, and function in various contexts. They are used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to study GBP1's role in diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. For example, GBP1 overexpression has been linked to tumor suppression in certain cancers but may promote metastasis in others, highlighting its context-dependent roles. In infectious disease models, GBP1 antibodies help elucidate its interaction with intracellular pathogens like *Chlamydia trachomatis* or *Toxoplasma gondii*.
The development and validation of GBP1 antibodies have advanced understanding of its pleiotropic functions, making it a biomarker for inflammatory states and a potential therapeutic target. Researchers emphasize the need for antibody specificity due to homology among GBP family proteins.