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     Western blot analysis of Calpain small subunit 1 expression in 293T cell lysate.    

  
  

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     All lanes use the Antibody at 1:1K dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.    

  
  

Calpain small subunit 1 (CAPNS1/Calpain S1) antibody is a research tool targeting the regulatory subunit of the calpain protease system, a family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases involved in diverse cellular processes. CAPNS1. encoded by the *CAPNS1* gene, is essential for stabilizing and activating catalytic subunits (e.g., Calpain-1 and Calpain-2) to form functional heterodimers. This subunit does not possess proteolytic activity itself but regulates intracellular localization, stability, and calcium sensitivity of calpain complexes. Calpains play critical roles in signal transduction, apoptosis, cell migration, and cytoskeletal remodeling, with dysregulation linked to pathologies such as neurodegeneration, muscular dystrophy, and cancer.

Antibodies against CAPNS1 are typically generated using immunogens derived from recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides corresponding to conserved regions of the human or murine protein. They are widely employed in Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence to study calpain complex formation, expression levels, and subcellular distribution across tissues. Polyclonal antibodies offer broad epitope recognition, while monoclonal variants provide higher specificity. Validation often includes testing in knockout models or siRNA-mediated knockdown to confirm target specificity. Researchers also utilize these antibodies to explore calpain’s role in disease mechanisms, particularly in conditions involving calcium imbalance or proteolytic dysregulation. Cross-reactivity with other calpain subunits or homologs should be carefully assessed during experimental design.