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     Western blot analysis of NR0B1 / Dax1 expression in A431 cell lysate.    

  
  

The NR0B1 (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 0 Group B Member 1) gene, also known as DAX1 (Dosage-sensitive sex reversal, Adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1), encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. DAX1 functions primarily as a transcriptional repressor, playing critical roles in adrenal gland development, steroidogenesis, and reproductive axis regulation. It interacts with other nuclear receptors (e.g., SF1/NR5A1) to modulate hormone-responsive gene networks, particularly in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/gonadal axis.

DAX1 mutations are linked to X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Its expression is observed in adrenal tissues, gonads, and specific brain regions. NR0B1/DAX1 antibodies are essential tools for studying protein localization, expression patterns, and functional mechanisms in developmental biology and endocrine research. These antibodies are widely used in techniques like immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence to investigate adrenal disorders, sex determination pathways, and reproductive system development. Commercial antibodies typically target conserved regions (e.g., C-terminal ligand-binding domain) to ensure specificity across human and model organisms. Research applications include exploring DAX1's dual role in stem cell maintenance/differentiation and its potential oncogenic effects in adrenocortical/gonadal tumors.