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     Western blot analysis of macroH2A.1 expression in HepG2 cell lysate.    

  
  

The macroH2A.1 antibody is a critical tool for studying the unique histone variant macroH2A.1. which plays a role in epigenetic regulation. MacroH2A is a conserved H2A variant characterized by a large C-terminal macrodomain, a feature absent in canonical histones. MacroH2A.1. one of two major splice isoforms (macroH2A.1 and macroH2A.2), is involved in chromatin compaction, transcriptional repression, and X-chromosome inactivation. Its macrodomain can bind metabolites like NAD+-derived ligands, linking chromatin dynamics to cellular metabolism.

Antibodies targeting macroH2A.1 are widely used to investigate its localization and function in heterochromatin formation, cellular differentiation, and senescence. These antibodies enable techniques such as Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ChIP-seq to assess macroH2A.1's association with silenced genes, retrotransposons, or specific genomic regions. Researchers also utilize them to explore its tumor-suppressive roles, as macroH2A.1 is often downregulated in cancers, influencing metastasis and proliferation.

Commercial macroH2A.1 antibodies are typically raised against epitopes within the macrodomain or isoform-specific regions, with validation across species like humans and mice. Specificity remains a consideration due to homology between macroH2A isoforms. Studies employing these antibodies have advanced understanding of epigenetic aging, stem cell plasticity, and metabolic diseases, highlighting macroH2A.1's multifaceted role in health and disease.