**Background of Aggrecan Antibodies**
Aggrecan, a large proteoglycan, is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cartilage and other connective tissues. It plays a critical role in maintaining tissue resilience by forming aggregates with hyaluronan and link proteins, creating a hydrated gel-like matrix that resists compressive forces. Aggrecan’s core protein contains numerous glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, primarily chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate, which contribute to its osmotic swelling properties. Degradation or loss of aggrecan is closely linked to cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc disorders, and other musculoskeletal diseases.
Antibodies targeting aggrecan are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and degradation in both research and diagnostic contexts. These antibodies often recognize specific epitopes on the core protein or GAG-attachment regions, enabling detection of intact aggrecan or its cleavage products (e.g., by matrix metalloproteinases or aggrecanases like ADAMTS-5). They are widely used in techniques such as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA to assess aggrecan levels in tissue samples, cell cultures, or synovial fluid.
Additionally, aggrecan antibodies aid in exploring pathological mechanisms, evaluating therapeutic interventions (e.g., chondroprotective drugs), and understanding developmental processes in cartilage formation. Monoclonal antibodies offer high specificity, while polyclonal versions may detect broader epitope ranges, useful for fragmented aggrecan. Their applications extend to regenerative medicine, where monitoring ECM restoration is critical for tissue engineering strategies.