IP10 (Interferon gamma-induced protein 10), also known as CXCL10. is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is primarily produced by immune cells (e.g., monocytes, endothelial cells) and stromal cells in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) stimulation. IP10 plays a critical role in recruiting activated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells to sites of inflammation or infection by binding to its receptor CXCR3. Its expression is upregulated in various pathological conditions, including viral infections, autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis), and cancers, where it promotes inflammatory responses and modulates tumor microenvironment dynamics.
IP10 antibodies are immunodetection or therapeutic tools targeting this chemokine or its receptor. As research reagents, they are widely used in ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to quantify IP10 levels in studies of disease mechanisms, immune responses, and therapeutic efficacy. Therapeutically, neutralizing IP10 antibodies have been explored to suppress excessive inflammation in autoimmune disorders or to block CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling in cancer immunotherapy. For instance, anti-IP10 therapies aim to inhibit T cell migration to inflamed tissues or disrupt pro-tumorigenic signaling in malignancies. However, challenges remain in balancing efficacy with potential off-target effects due to the pleiotropic roles of IP10 in both physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies also highlight IP10's dual role in COVID-19. associating its elevated levels with severe outcomes, spurring interest in antibody-based interventions.