Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is a protein encoded by the *MNDA* gene, primarily expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage, including granulocytes, monocytes, and their precursors. It belongs to the interferon-inducible HIN-200 protein family, characterized by hematopoietic-specific expression and involvement in cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and apoptosis. MNDA contains a conserved hematopoietic interferon-associated nuclear (HIN) domain, enabling its role in transcriptional regulation and immune response modulation.
Anti-MNDA antibodies are valuable tools in hematopathology and research for identifying myeloid cells and distinguishing myeloid malignancies (e.g., acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes) from lymphoid neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using MNDA antibodies helps detect nuclear expression patterns in bone marrow biopsies, aiding in differential diagnosis. Reduced or absent MNDA expression is associated with certain myeloid disorders, reflecting dysregulated myeloid differentiation.
In autoimmune contexts, MNDA autoantibodies have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sj?gren’s syndrome, though their clinical significance remains under investigation. Research also explores MNDA’s role in viral defense and inflammation via interferon signaling pathways. Overall, MNDA antibodies serve as both diagnostic markers and research probes to elucidate myeloid biology and disease mechanisms.