The arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) antibody is a crucial tool in studying the enzyme responsible for arsenic biotransformation in humans. AS3MT catalyzes the methylation of inorganic arsenic, converting toxic arsenite (As3?) into mono- and di-methylated metabolites, which are excreted or accumulate in tissues. This enzymatic process influences arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity, as methylated intermediates may exhibit varying biological effects.
AS3MT antibodies are widely used in biomedical research to detect AS3MT expression levels, localization, and regulation in tissues, particularly in the liver and kidneys. They enable investigations into genetic polymorphisms affecting arsenic metabolism efficiency and associated disease risks, such as cancer or cardiovascular disorders. These antibodies are essential for techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA, helping elucidate mechanisms of arsenic detoxification, epigenetic interactions, and interindividual susceptibility variations.
Developed against specific epitopes (e.g., human AS3MT N-terminal or full-length protein), commercial AS3MT antibodies are validated for cross-reactivity across species, including rodents, aiding translational studies. Research using these antibodies has highlighted AS3MT's role not only in arsenic metabolism but also in modulating cellular redox balance and one-carbon metabolism. Their application advances understanding of environmental toxicology, personalized medicine, and public health strategies in arsenic-exposed populations.