GAST antibodies target gastrin, a peptide hormone primarily produced by G-cells in the stomach antrum and duodenum. Gastrin plays a critical role in regulating gastric acid secretion by stimulating parietal cells and promoting mucosal growth. Elevated gastrin levels are associated with conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, chronic atrophic gastritis, and certain gastric neuroendocrine tumors.
GAST antibodies are utilized in research and diagnostics to detect gastrin expression in tissues or serum. In immunohistochemistry, they help identify gastrin-producing cells (G-cells) or tumors, aiding in the diagnosis of gastrinomas. ELISA-based assays using GAST antibodies quantify circulating gastrin levels, supporting the evaluation of acid-related disorders or monitoring treatment responses. Additionally, autoantibodies against gastrin have been explored in autoimmune gastritis, though their clinical significance remains less defined compared to anti-parietal cell or anti-intrinsic factor antibodies.
The development of GAST antibodies has enhanced understanding of gastrin's physiological and pathological roles, including its involvement in Helicobacter pylori-associated pathologies and gastric cancer progression. However, cross-reactivity with related peptides (e.g., cholecystokinin) requires careful validation to ensure specificity. Ongoing research focuses on refining antibody-based tools for precision diagnostics and exploring therapeutic applications, such as targeting gastrin pathways in gastrointestinal malignancies.