The EFHC2 (EF-hand domain-containing protein 2) antibody is a tool used to detect and study the EFHC2 protein, which belongs to the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family. EFHC2 contains multiple EF-hand motifs, structural domains that bind calcium ions (Ca2?), enabling it to participate in Ca2?-dependent signaling pathways. While the exact biological roles of EFHC2 remain under investigation, it is hypothesized to regulate cellular processes such as apoptosis, cytoskeletal organization, and ion channel activity, potentially linking it to neurological disorders, cancer, and developmental diseases.
Research suggests EFHC2 may interact with microtubule-associated proteins or components of cilia, implicating it in ciliogenesis and neuronal development. Dysregulation of EFHC2 has been observed in certain cancers, including breast and ovarian cancers, where altered expression correlates with tumor progression or metastasis. In neurological contexts, EFHC2 mutations or aberrant expression have been tentatively associated with epilepsy and intellectual disability, though mechanistic insights are limited.
EFHC2 antibodies are primarily used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to assess protein expression, localization, and post-translational modifications. These antibodies aid in elucidating EFHC2’s tissue-specific roles and its interaction networks. Commercial EFHC2 antibodies vary in clonality (monoclonal/polyoclonal) and host species, with validation often performed using knockout cell lines or recombinant protein controls. Despite growing interest, further studies are needed to clarify EFHC2’s physiological functions and its potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker.