DCD (Dermcidin), encoded by the *DCD* gene, is a small, secreted antimicrobial peptide predominantly produced in human sweat glands. Discovered in 2001. it plays a critical role in innate immunity, offering broad-spectrum protection against pathogens like bacteria, fungi, and viruses. DCD is unique for its stability in sweat’s acidic and salty environment, where it remains active even at low concentrations. Its antimicrobial mechanism involves disrupting microbial membranes and modulating immune responses.
DCD antibodies are essential tools in research and diagnostics, used to detect DCD expression in tissues or biological fluids. In clinical contexts, DCD has been studied as a potential biomarker for cancers (e.g., breast, prostate) due to its altered expression in malignancies. Additionally, DCD antibodies aid in understanding skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, where dysregulated antimicrobial peptide production may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Commercial DCD antibodies are typically developed in animal hosts (e.g., rabbits, mice) using synthetic peptide antigens. They are validated for techniques like immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, and Western blot. Despite progress, challenges remain, including ensuring antibody specificity and addressing cross-reactivity. Ongoing research aims to clarify DCD’s dual roles in tumorigenesis and immune defense, highlighting its therapeutic and diagnostic potential.