The CHIA antibody targets chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), also known as YKL-40. a glycoprotein implicated in inflammatory and fibrotic processes. CHI3L1 is a member of the mammalian chitinase-like protein family, lacking enzymatic activity but retaining chitin-binding properties. It is secreted by macrophages, neutrophils, epithelial cells, and cancer cells, playing roles in tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and immune regulation. Elevated CHI3L1 levels correlate with chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., asthma, COPD), fibrosis (liver, lung), and cancers, making it a biomarker for disease progression and prognosis.
CHIA antibodies are primarily used in research to detect CHI3L1 expression in tissues or biological fluids via techniques like ELISA, Western blot, or immunohistochemistry. They help elucidate CHI3L1's mechanisms in pathogenesis, including its interaction with receptors like IL-13Rα2 and Syndecan-1. which activate pro-inflammatory pathways (e.g., MAPK, PI3K/AKT). Recent studies explore therapeutic potential, with CHIA antibodies tested in preclinical models to block CHI3L1 signaling, aiming to mitigate inflammation or tumor growth. However, clinical applications remain investigational, requiring further validation of safety and efficacy. Overall, CHIA antibodies serve as critical tools for understanding CHI3L1's multifunctional roles and developing targeted therapies.