The ATP5F1C antibody targets the ATP synthase F1 subunit gamma (ATP5F1C), a key component of mitochondrial Complex V (ATP synthase) responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. Encoded by the ATP5F1C gene, this 30 kDa subunit forms part of the catalytic F1 core that drives ATP synthesis via proton gradient-driven conformational changes. As a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein, ATP5F1C is ubiquitously expressed but shows elevated levels in energy-demanding tissues like heart, brain, and skeletal muscle.
Antibodies against ATP5F1C are widely used to study mitochondrial function, cellular energy metabolism, and diseases associated with ATP synthesis defects. They enable detection of protein expression changes in cancer (where mitochondrial reprogramming occurs), neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's linked to mitochondrial dysfunction), and rare genetic mutations causing ATPase deficiencies. These tools are validated for techniques including Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, often with species cross-reactivity (human, mouse, rat). Researchers frequently combine ATP5F1C antibodies with markers of mitochondrial mass (e.g., TOMM20) or membrane potential to assess organelle integrity. Specificity is typically confirmed through knockout controls or siRNA knockdown. Emerging applications include evaluating therapeutic responses in metabolic syndromes and monitoring mitochondrial adaptation during hypoxia or nutrient stress. Proper validation remains critical due to potential cross-reactivity with other ATPase subunits.