NELF-A (Negative Elongation Factor A), encoded by the *WHSC2* gene, is a critical subunit of the NELF complex (NELF-A, -B, -C/D, -E), which regulates transcriptional pausing in eukaryotic cells. The NELF complex, alongside DSIF (DRB Sensitivity-Inducing Factor), binds to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and stabilizes its paused state near gene promoters, temporarily halting transcription elongation. This pausing mechanism is essential for precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression, particularly during development, differentiation, and stress responses.
NELFA antibodies are widely used in research to study the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. They enable the detection of NELF-A protein levels, localization, and interactions in techniques like chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Dysregulation of NELF-mediated pausing has been implicated in diseases, including cancers (e.g., multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma) and neurodevelopmental disorders, often linked to mutations or altered expression of NELF components.
Recent studies highlight NELFA's role beyond transcription, such as in RNA processing and chromatin remodeling. Its antibodies also aid in exploring crosstalk between NELF and signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, Notch) or epigenetic modifiers. As a biomarker, NELFA expression patterns may inform therapeutic strategies targeting transcription elongation in disease contexts.