SOS1 antibodies target the Son of Sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) protein, a critical guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. Discovered as a downstream effector of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), SOS1 activates RAS by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP, thereby regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of SOS1 is implicated in cancers and developmental disorders, such as Noonan syndrome and RASopathies, where mutations in SOS1 or related pathway components lead to hyperactivated signaling.
SOS1 antibodies are widely used in research to detect SOS1 _expression (via Western blot, immunoprecipitation, or immunohistochemistry) and to study its functional interactions. Therapeutic interest has grown due to SOS1's role in RTK-driven cancers and resistance to targeted therapies (e.g., EGFR inhibitors). Inhibitory antibodies or small molecules blocking SOS1-RAS interactions are under investigation to suppress oncogenic signaling. Additionally, SOS1 inhibitors may complement MEK or ERK inhibitors in overcoming resistance mechanisms.
These antibodies also aid in elucidating SOS1's structural domains, including the catalytic CDC25 homology domain and regulatory regions. As SOS1 gains attention as a biomarker and therapeutic target, its antibodies remain vital tools for basic and translational research, offering insights into RAS-MAPK pathway dynamics and potential clinical applications.