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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human liver cancer tissue using P11624(NOD1 Antibody) at dilution 1/50. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human colon cancer tissue using P11624(NOD1 Antibody) at dilution 1/50. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

NOD1 (Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Containing Protein 1) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PRR) belonging to the NLR (NOD-like receptor) family. It plays a critical role in innate immunity by detecting conserved bacterial components, particularly γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), a peptidoglycan fragment found in Gram-negative and certain Gram-positive bacteria. Upon ligand recognition, NOD1 oligomerizes and recruits downstream signaling adaptors like RIP2 (RIPK2), activating NF-κB and MAPK pathways to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production and antimicrobial responses. This receptor is expressed in various cell types, including epithelial cells and immune cells, and contributes to host defense, tissue homeostasis, and immune regulation.

NOD1 antibodies are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and function in immune responses. They enable researchers to detect NOD1 protein levels via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry, or to inhibit its activity in mechanistic studies. Dysregulation of NOD1 signaling has been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), autoimmune disorders, and cancer, making these antibodies valuable for exploring disease mechanisms. Commercially available NOD1 antibodies include monoclonal and polyclonal variants, often validated for specificity in human, mouse, or rat models. Recent studies also investigate NOD1's role in non-infectious contexts, such as metabolic disorders and neuronal inflammation, highlighting its broader therapeutic potential. However, challenges remain in standardizing antibody performance across experimental conditions and avoiding cross-reactivity with related NLRs like NOD2.