The RARRES1 (Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder 1) antibody is a tool used to detect the protein encoded by the RARRES1 gene, also known as TIG3 (tazarotene-induced gene 3) or HAIRIN (hairpin-inducible). This gene is regulated by retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and plays roles in cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. RARRES1 is a transmembrane protein enriched in epithelial tissues and implicated in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and cancer progression. It exhibits dual functions depending on cellular context: acting as a tumor suppressor in certain cancers (e.g., prostate, skin) by inhibiting proliferation, or promoting metastasis in others (e.g., breast, liver) through mechanisms involving extracellular matrix interactions or immune modulation.
Antibodies targeting RARRES1 are widely used in research to explore its expression patterns, subcellular localization, and functional pathways. They are applied in techniques like Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and flow cytometry. Commercial RARRES1 antibodies are typically raised in hosts like rabbits or mice, with formats including monoclonal and polyclonal variants. Validation often includes knockout cell lines or tissue-specific expression controls to ensure specificity. Challenges in antibody development stem from RARRES1’s post-translational modifications (e.g., glycosylation) and structural homology with other proteins. Its emerging roles in metabolic diseases, wound healing, and cancer immunotherapy continue to drive demand for reliable detection tools, making RARRES1 antibodies critical for both basic research and potential clinical biomarker studies.