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     Black line: Control Antigen (100 ng);Purple line: Antigen (10ng); Blue line: Antigen (50 ng); Red line:Antigen (100 ng)    

  
  

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     Flow cytometric analysis of Hela cells using S100B mouse mAb (green) and negative control (red).    

  
  

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     Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human cerebellum tissues using S100B mouse mAb with DAB staining.    

  
  

The S100B antibody is a critical tool in neuroscience and clinical research, primarily targeting the S100B protein, a calcium-binding protein predominantly expressed in astrocytes and Schwann cells within the central and peripheral nervous systems. Belonging to the S100 family, S100B plays roles in cell cycle regulation, energy metabolism, and intracellular signaling. It is encoded by the *S100B* gene located on chromosome 21 (21q22.3) and is often implicated in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis. Elevated S100B levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood are recognized as biomarkers for blood-brain barrier disruption or glial activation.

S100B antibodies are widely utilized in techniques like immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA to detect S100B expression patterns in tissues or biological fluids. These antibodies help elucidate its dual role: at low concentrations, S100B supports neuronal survival and plasticity, while excessive release correlates with neurotoxicity and inflammation. In cancer research, S100B antibodies aid in diagnosing malignant melanoma, where the protein is overexpressed.

However, cross-reactivity with other S100 family members (e.g., S100A1) remains a challenge, necessitating careful validation for specificity. Despite this, S100B antibodies remain indispensable for exploring neurological pathologies, monitoring disease progression, and developing therapeutic strategies targeting glial dysfunction.