**Background of ANXA2 Antibody**
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein belonging to the annexin family, involved in diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, membrane organization, and endocytosis. Structurally, it contains four conserved annexin repeats and a unique N-terminal domain that mediates interactions with other proteins, including S100A10. forming the heterotetrameric ANXA2-S100A10 complex. This complex plays critical roles in membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell adhesion.
ANXA2 is expressed in various tissues, localized to the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or extracellular matrix depending on its post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation) and binding partners. Dysregulation of ANXA2 has been linked to multiple pathological conditions. Overexpression is observed in cancers (e.g., breast, pancreatic, glioblastoma), where it promotes tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. It also participates in autoimmune diseases (e.g., antiphospholipid syndrome) and cardiovascular disorders by influencing fibrinolytic activity and vascular remodeling.
ANXA2 antibodies are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and function. They are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Some antibodies target specific domains or post-translationally modified forms, aiding in disease biomarker research or therapeutic development. However, variability in antibody specificity (e.g., cross-reactivity with other annexins) requires careful validation. Therapeutic ANXA2-targeting strategies, including monoclonal antibodies, are under exploration for cancer and thrombosis treatment.