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     Gel: 12%SDS-PAGE, Lysate: 40 μg, Lane: Mouse heart tissue, Primary antibody: P05807(Gzmd Antibody) at dilution 1/350, Secondary antibody: Goat anti rabbit IgG at 1/8000 dilution, Exposure time: 10 seconds    

  
  

GzmD (Granzyme D) is a serine protease belonging to the granzyme family, predominantly expressed in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. It is stored in cytotoxic granules alongside perforin and other granzymes (e.g., GzmA, GzmB) and released upon immune synapse formation to eliminate infected or malignant cells. Unlike the well-characterized GzmB, which induces apoptosis through caspase-dependent pathways, GzmD’s precise biological role remains less understood. Studies suggest it may contribute to alternative cell death mechanisms or immune modulation, potentially cleaving distinct substrates involved in inflammation or extracellular matrix remodeling.

GzmD antibodies are critical tools for investigating its expression, localization, and function. They enable detection via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry, aiding research into immune responses against viral infections, tumors, or autoimmune disorders. Some evidence links dysregulated GzmD expression to pathological conditions, such as chronic inflammation or impaired cytotoxicity in immune deficiencies. However, its relative scarcity compared to other granzymes and overlapping substrate specificities pose challenges in delineating its unique contributions. Recent interest in non-apoptotic granzyme functions has spurred renewed focus on GzmD, with antibodies facilitating exploration of its role in novel cell death pathways or crosstalk with other immune mediators. Further studies using these reagents may clarify its therapeutic relevance in modulating immune-mediated diseases.