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     Black line: Control Antigen (100 ng);Purple line: Antigen (10ng); Blue line: Antigen (50 ng); Red line:Antigen (100 ng)    

  
  

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     Flow cytometric analysis of HL-60 cells using CD80 mouse mAb (green) and negative control (red).    

  
  

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     Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human cervical cancer tissues using CD80 mouse mAb with DAB staining.    

  
  

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     Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Mouse spleen using CD80 mouse mAb with DAB staining.    

  
  

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     Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Rat spleen using CD80 mouse mAb with DAB staining.    

  
  

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     Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Rabbit spleen using CD80 mouse mAb with DAB staining.    

  
  

CD80. also known as B7-1. is a cell surface protein belonging to the B7 family of immune checkpoint molecules. It is primarily expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and activated B cells. CD80 interacts with two key receptors on T cells: CD28. which provides a co-stimulatory signal for T cell activation, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), which delivers an inhibitory signal to dampen immune responses. This dual interaction makes CD80 a critical regulator of T cell activation and tolerance.

CD80-targeting antibodies are designed to modulate immune responses by interfering with these interactions. For example, blocking CD80 binding to CTLA-4 can enhance T cell activity, a strategy explored in cancer immunotherapy. Conversely, inhibiting CD80-CD28 engagement may suppress excessive immune activation in autoimmune diseases. Notably, the CTLA-4-targeting antibody ipilimumab, which indirectly affects CD80/CTLA-4 signaling, was among the first immune checkpoint inhibitors approved for treating metastatic melanoma. However, direct CD80 antibodies remain under investigation, with studies exploring their potential in conditions like lupus, transplant rejection, and hematologic malignancies.

Challenges include balancing therapeutic efficacy with immune-related adverse events and understanding context-dependent roles of CD80 in different diseases. Ongoing research aims to optimize CD80 antibody design, improve selectivity, and identify biomarkers to guide clinical use.