IKZF3. also known as Helios, is a transcription factor encoded by the IKZF3 gene and belongs to the IKAROS family of zinc-finger DNA-binding proteins. It plays a critical role in immune regulation, particularly in the development, differentiation, and function of lymphoid cells. Helios is predominantly expressed in regulatory T cells (Tregs), where it stabilizes their suppressive activity and maintains immune tolerance. It also regulates B-cell maturation and plasma cell differentiation. Dysregulation of IKZF3 has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency disorders, and hematological malignancies, including leukemia and lymphoma.
Antibodies targeting IKZF3 are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and functional roles. They are widely used in techniques like flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting to identify Helios-positive Treg subsets or malignant cells in research and clinical diagnostics. Specific IKZF3 antibodies help distinguish between Treg subpopulations with varying immunosuppressive capacities, aiding studies on immune homeostasis and cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, these antibodies assist in exploring IKZF3's involvement in diseases, such as its aberrant expression in multiple myeloma or its role in immune checkpoint resistance. Researchers must validate antibody specificity due to potential cross-reactivity with other IKAROS family members or isoforms. Understanding IKZF3's mechanisms through antibody-based assays continues to inform therapeutic strategies targeting immune dysregulation and malignancies.