Diethylenetriamine (DETA), with the chemical formula C?H??N? and CAS number 111-40-0, is a clear, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with a strong ammonia-like odor. As a tri-functional polyamine (containing two primary and one secondary amine groups), it exhibits high reactivity and versatility in industrial processes, particularly in polymer curing, chelation, and chemical synthesis. Below is a comprehensive breakdown of its key applications:

1. Epoxy Resin Curing Agent

• Primary Use:

• Acts as a low-temperature curing agent for epoxy resins in adhesives, coatings, and composites.

• Provides high crosslink density, enhancing mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and thermal stability.

• Applications:

• Industrial flooring, marine coatings, electrical encapsulants, and aerospace composites.

• Fast-curing formulations for automotive parts and wind turbine blades.

2. Chelating Agents and Water Treatment

• Metal Ion Sequestration:

• Precursor for chelating agents (e.g., DTPA derivatives) that bind heavy metals (Cu2?, Fe3?, Hg2?) in wastewater treatment.

• Prevents scale formation in boilers and cooling towers.

• Oil and Gas Industry:

• Removes metal ions from crude oil to prevent catalyst poisoning during refining.

3. Paper and Pulp Industry

• Wet-Strength Resins:

• Crosslinking agent for polyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins, improving wet strength of paper products (e.g., tissue, packaging).

• Retention Aids:

• Enhances filler retention and drainage efficiency in papermaking.

4. Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals

• Chemical Intermediate:

• Synthesizes active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), such as anthelmintics (e.g., diethylcarbamazine for parasitic infections).

• Building block for herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators.

• Drug Delivery Systems:

• Modifies polymers for pH-sensitive drug release.

5. Textile and Leather Processing

• Dye Fixatives:

• Improves color fastness of anionic dyes on cotton, wool, and nylon.

• Leather Tanning:

• Crosslinks collagen fibers to enhance durability and softness.

6. Fuel Additives

• Detergents and Dispersants:

• Component in polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI) additives for gasoline/diesel engines, preventing sludge and deposit formation.

7. Surfactants and Corrosion Inhibitors

• Surfactant Synthesis:

• Produces amine-based surfactants for detergents, emulsifiers, and antistatic agents.

• Corrosion Protection:

• Forms protective films on metal surfaces in cooling systems and pipelines.

8. Polyamide and Polyurethane Production

• Polyamide Resins:

• Reacts with dicarboxylic acids to create thermosetting polyamides for hot-melt adhesives and inks.

• Flexible Foams:

• Catalyst for polyurethane foams in furniture and insulation.

Key Advantages and Limitations