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Hydrocarbons and derivatives

Hydrocarbon compounds are also known as hydrocarbons. They are compounds only containing two elements, hydrogen and carbon. When their molecular hydrogen atoms are replaced by various kinds of other element atoms or atom groups, we can obtain various kinds of hydrocarbon derivatives. German chemist Schorlemmer had discovered butane and other hydrocarbons, and is thus known as the founder of the hydrocarbon chemistry. There are many types of hydrocarbons with number of hydrocarbons with known structure being over 2,000 kinds. Based on the connecting way of carbon bonds, they are divided into chain hydrocarbon and cyclic hydrocarbon, two types with the former one having its carbon atoms connected in a chain shape. According to the saturation degree of hydrogen atom on valence bonds, they are divided into saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are namely alkanes, such as methane, ethane and so on; unsaturated hydrocarbons include olefin and alkynes with representation being ethylene and acetylene. Cyclic hydrocarbon has its intramolecular carbon bonds connected into a closed ring. It includes two kinds, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many similarities between alicyclic hydrocarbons and chain hydrocarbon. General cyclic hydrocarbons are similar to hydrocarbons while cyclic olefin and cyclic alkyne are respectively similar as alkenes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons mainly refer to hydrocarbons containing benzene ring structure.

Chain hydrocarbon is also known as aliphatic hydrocarbon due to that during the initial study; it was found that oil lipid contained many of these open chain compounds. The naming of alicyclic hydrocarbons is due to its similar nature as aliphatic hydrocarbons. The nature of aromatic hydrocarbon is different from other hydrocarbons while first discovered several compounds are all scented, leading to the name which is still in use today.

Oil, gas and coal are the main source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum refining can give a variety of alkane mixture such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc; oil cracking, reforming give various kinds of olefins, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar contains various kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Many kinds of higher hydrocarbons are presented in plants such as the pigments contained in tomatoes and carrots. The wax of many kinds of plants and animals also contains higher content of alkanes. For example, beeswax contains C27H56 and C31H64; wax of spinach leaves contains C33H68, C35H72, and C37H76; wax of cabbage leaves contains C29H60 and so on. The main component of natural rubber, polyisoprene also belongs to hydrocarbon. An important application of hydrocarbons is being used as fuel and chemical raw materials. Through secondary processing of petroleum, it can give ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene, and other basic organic industrial raw materials. From these materials, we can further prepare styrene, ethanol, acetone and other chemicals. Re-use of these raw materials can be used for manufacturing of a variety of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and fine chemical products. Hydrocarbons may also be used as food for certain bacteria to utilize with those proteins (oil protein) excreted by these bacteria proteins being applied as feed. The national scale and level of processing and application of hydrocarbons may reflect the extent of economic and technological development of a country.

Hydrocarbon derivative refers to the general term of many kinds of complicated compound derived from hydrocarbon molecules with one or more hydrogen atoms being substituted by other atoms or atoms groups. Compounds derived from halogen substitution are called halogenated hydrocarbon; derived from hydroxy substitution are called alcohols or phenols; derived from carboxy substitution are called carboxylic acids. Ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitriles, etc. can be considered to be the compounds derived from hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being substituted by corresponding atoms. During early 19th century, German chemist Schorlemmer, based on years of experimental and theoretical studies, had first defined organic chemistry as chemistry concerning hydrocarbons and their derivatives. This definition is formulated based on the principles of atom combination theory, being more reasonable and advanced than all the previous definitions, thus further being adopted by many chemists. However, the problem is that it doesn’t distinguish the difference between organic and inorganic substances. The definition of Schorlemmer had greatly promoted the development of the theory regarding to the organic chemistry structure. He was the first man who defined organic compound as above scientific classifications, establishing a scientific system. He was the first man who divided organics into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and further classified aliphatic compounds into hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons), halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and so on.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
2-ETHYLHEXYL IODIDE 2-ETHYLHEXYL IODIDE 1653-16-3 C8H17I
5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindan 5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindan 132980-16-6
3-Methyl-5-nitrobenzonitrile 3-Methyl-5-nitrobenzonitrile 124289-22-1 C8H6N2O2
VINYLCYCLOPROPANE VINYLCYCLOPROPANE 693-86-7 C5H8
2-aminomethyloxetane 2-aminomethyloxetane 882402-12-2 C4H9NO
2 7-DIIODO-9 9-DIOCTYL-9H-FLUORENE  97 2 7-DIIODO-9 9-DIOCTYL-9H-FLUORENE 97 278176-06-0 C29H40I2
TRANS-2-BROMO-BETA-NITROSTYRENE  95 TRANS-2-BROMO-BETA-NITROSTYRENE 95 155988-33-3 C8H6BrNO2
(2,3-EPOXYPROPYL)BENZENE (2,3-EPOXYPROPYL)BENZENE 4436-24-2 C9H10O
1H,1H,5H-OCTAFLUOROPENTYL IODIDE 1H,1H,5H-OCTAFLUOROPENTYL IODIDE 678-74-0 C5H3F8I
PROPYLENE PROPYLENE 115-07-1 C3H6
1,1-DIACETYLCYCLOPROPANE 1,1-DIACETYLCYCLOPROPANE 695-70-5 C7H10O2
2-BROMO-3-METHYL-2-BUTENE 2-BROMO-3-METHYL-2-BUTENE 3017-70-7 C5H9Br
1-ALLYL-4-METHYLBENZENE 1-ALLYL-4-METHYLBENZENE 3333-13-9 C10H12
CYCLODECENE CYCLODECENE 2198-20-1 C10H18
Cedrene epoxide Cedrene epoxide 29597-36-2 C15H24O
Cyclopentylideneacetic acid methyl ester Cyclopentylideneacetic acid methyl ester 40203-73-4 C8H12O2
2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetraphenylcyclotetrasiloxane 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetraphenylcyclotetrasiloxane 77-63-4 C28H32O4Si4
(3,5-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYLETHYNYL)& (3,5-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYLETHYNYL)& 618092-28-7 C13H12F6Si
1-Fluorooctane 1-Fluorooctane 463-11-6 C8H17F
1,1-DIIODO-2,2-DIMETHYLPROPANE 1,1-DIIODO-2,2-DIMETHYLPROPANE 2443-89-2 C5H10I2
2,3-DIBROMOHEXANE 2,3-DIBROMOHEXANE 6423-02-5 C6H12Br2
isocyanatocyclopropane isocyanatocyclopropane 4747-72-2 C4H5NO
(2-Chlorophenyl)oxirane (2-Chlorophenyl)oxirane 62717-50-4 C8H7ClO
1-BROMO-3-METHYLCYCLOHEXANE 1-BROMO-3-METHYLCYCLOHEXANE 13905-48-1 C7H13Br
1-BROMO-2-PENTYNE 1-BROMO-2-PENTYNE 16400-32-1 C5H7Br
Hexafluoropropene trimer Hexafluoropropene trimer 6792-31-0 C3F6
Chlorotrifluoroethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene 79-38-9 C2ClF3
1,1,1-TRIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHANE 1,1,1-TRIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHANE 1067-09-0 C5H9Cl3
GAMMA-HCH-D6 GAMMA-HCH-D6 60556-82-3 C6H6Cl6
1-CHLORO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)BENZENE 1-CHLORO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)BENZENE 23135-16-2 C8H7Br2Cl
Perfluorododecyl iodide Perfluorododecyl iodide 307-60-8 C12F25I
CHLORODICYCLOHEXYLBORANE CHLORODICYCLOHEXYLBORANE 36140-19-9 C12H22BCl
BUTYLCYCLOPENTANE BUTYLCYCLOPENTANE 2040-95-1 C9H18
1-HYDROXY-3-CYCLOHEXENE 1-HYDROXY-3-CYCLOHEXENE 822-66-2 C6H10O
(+)-DISPARLURE (+)-DISPARLURE 54910-51-9 C19H38O
2,7-BIS(BROMOMETHYL)NAPHTHALENE 2,7-BIS(BROMOMETHYL)NAPHTHALENE 38309-89-6 C12H10Br2
(+/-)-2 3-DIBROMOBUTANE  98 (+/-)-2 3-DIBROMOBUTANE 98 598-71-0 C4H8Br2
(2 4-DIFLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSIL& (2 4-DIFLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSIL& 480438-92-4 C11H12F2Si
2 6-BIS(BROMOMETHYL)NAPHTHALENE  97 2 6-BIS(BROMOMETHYL)NAPHTHALENE 97 4542-77-2 C12H10Br2
1 4-DICYCLOHEXYL-2 5-DIIODOBENZENE  95 1 4-DICYCLOHEXYL-2 5-DIIODOBENZENE 95 236407-24-2 C18H24I2
1 4-DIIODO-2 5-DIOCTYLBENZENE 1 4-DIIODO-2 5-DIOCTYLBENZENE 171569-01-0 C22H36I2
1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene 1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene 94022-95-4 C9H8BrF3
2,3-DIBROMOPENTANE 2,3-DIBROMOPENTANE 5780-13-2 C4H8Br2
1,2-DIBROMOHEXANE 1,2-DIBROMOHEXANE 624-20-4 C6H12Br2
4-Methyl-2-nitro-1-(trifluoroMethyl)benzene 4-Methyl-2-nitro-1-(trifluoroMethyl)benzene 154057-13-3 C8H6F3NO2
1,4-DIIODOTETRAFLUOROBENZENE 1,4-DIIODOTETRAFLUOROBENZENE 392-57-4 C6F4I2
(TRIETHOXYSILYL)CYCLOHEXANE  98 (TRIETHOXYSILYL)CYCLOHEXANE 98 18151-84-3 C12H26O3Si
(4-CHLOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE (4-CHLOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE 78704-49-1 C11H13ClSi
1-(2-METHOXYETHOXY)-1-VINYLCYCLOPROPANE 1-(2-METHOXYETHOXY)-1-VINYLCYCLOPROPANE 278603-80-8 C8H14O2
(3 5-DIFLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSIL& (3 5-DIFLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSIL& 445491-09-8 C11H12F2Si
1,5-DIBROMO-1,1,3,3,5,5-HEXAFLUOROPENTANE 1,5-DIBROMO-1,1,3,3,5,5-HEXAFLUOROPENTANE 371-83-5 C5H4Br2F6
1,3,5-TRIS(BROMOMETHYL)-2,4,6-TRIETHYLBENZENE 1,3,5-TRIS(BROMOMETHYL)-2,4,6-TRIETHYLBENZENE 181058-08-2 C15H21Br3
DICYCLOHEXYLIODOBORANE DICYCLOHEXYLIODOBORANE 55382-85-9 C12H22BI
2-CHLORO-2-PROPEN-1-OL 2-CHLORO-2-PROPEN-1-OL 5976-47-6 C3H5ClO
3-Chlorooxetane 3-Chlorooxetane 4741-80-4 C3H5ClO
2-fluoro-3-methyl-6-nitroaniline 2-fluoro-3-methyl-6-nitroaniline 1261676-68-9 C7H7FN2O2
9-CHLOROANTHRACENE 9-CHLOROANTHRACENE 716-53-0 C14H9Cl
3-METHYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE 3-METHYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE 1335-86-0 C7H12
(2-FLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE (2-FLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE 480439-33-6 C11H13FSi
4-CHLOROMETHYLSTILBENE  95 4-CHLOROMETHYLSTILBENE 95 150253-59-1 C15H13Cl
Bromoiodomethane Bromoiodomethane 557-68-6 CH2BrI
1-CHLORO-4-(PHENYLETHYNYL)BENZENE  98 1-CHLORO-4-(PHENYLETHYNYL)BENZENE 98 5172-02-1 C14H9Cl
2-DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANONE 2-DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANONE C7H12O
cubane cubane 277-10-1 C8H8
3,4-Difluoro-6-Nitrophenol 3,4-Difluoro-6-Nitrophenol 55346-97-9 C6H3F2NO3
1450-76-6 1450-76-6 1450-76-6
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 75-68-3 C2H3ClF2
(+)-CAMPHENE (+)-CAMPHENE 5794-03-6 C10H16
1,2,2,3,4,4-hexaphenyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatrisilinane 1,2,2,3,4,4-hexaphenyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatrisilinane 4570-25-6 C36H33N3Si3
2-(Aminosulfonyl)-4-iodobenzoic acid methyl ester 2-(Aminosulfonyl)-4-iodobenzoic acid methyl ester 144550-79-8 C8H8INO4S
3-Methyl-5-nitrobenzoic acid 3-Methyl-5-nitrobenzoic acid 113882-33-0 C8H7NO4
1-(1-bromoethyl)-4-fluorobenzene 1-(1-bromoethyl)-4-fluorobenzene 65130-46-3 C8H8BrF
4-METHOXYMETANILYL FLUORIDE 4-METHOXYMETANILYL FLUORIDE 498-74-8 C7H8FNO3S
1-FLUORODECANE 1-FLUORODECANE 334-56-5 C10H21F
TETRAHYDRODICYCLOPENTADIENE TETRAHYDRODICYCLOPENTADIENE 6004-38-2 C10H16
2-Ethylbutyl methacrylate 2-Ethylbutyl methacrylate 5138-86-3 C10H18O2
2-CYCLOHEXYL-ETHYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 2-CYCLOHEXYL-ETHYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5471-55-6 C8H18ClN
butene butene 25167-67-3 C4H8
4-BROMO-5-FLUORO-2-IODOTOLUENE 4-BROMO-5-FLUORO-2-IODOTOLUENE 870704-15-7 C7H5BrFI
3-Chloro-5-nitrotoluene 3-Chloro-5-nitrotoluene C7H6ClNO2
4-Ethylcyclohexene 4-Ethylcyclohexene 3742-42-5 C8H14
2-BROMO-4-METHYLBENZOTRIFLUORIDE 2-BROMO-4-METHYLBENZOTRIFLUORIDE 121793-12-2 C8H6BrF3
1,2-DIIODOTETRAFLUOROBENZENE 1,2-DIIODOTETRAFLUOROBENZENE 2708-97-6 C6F4I2
(+)-CYCLOSATIVENE (+)-CYCLOSATIVENE 22469-52-9 C15H24
2-IODONAPHTHALENE 2-IODONAPHTHALENE 612-55-5 C10H7I
O-XYLYLENEBIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM BROMIDE) O-XYLYLENEBIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM BROMIDE) 1519-46-6 C44H38BrP2+
3-broMo-2-(broMoMethy)prop-1-ene 3-broMo-2-(broMoMethy)prop-1-ene 15378-31-1 C4H6Br2
1,2-DICHLOROETHANE-D4 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE-D4 17060-07-0 C2H4Cl2
4-NITROBENZENESULFENYL CHLORIDE 4-NITROBENZENESULFENYL CHLORIDE 937-32-6 C6H4ClNO2S
METHANE METHANE 74-82-8 CH4
HEPTAFLUOROBENZYL IODIDE HEPTAFLUOROBENZYL IODIDE 79865-03-5 C7F7I
BROMOTRIFLUOROMETHANE BROMOTRIFLUOROMETHANE 75-63-8 CBrF3
ISO-BUTYLCYCLOPENTANE ISO-BUTYLCYCLOPENTANE 3788-32-7 C9H18
BROMOCHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE BROMOCHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE 353-59-3 CBrClF2
EXO-2,3-EPOXYNORBORNANE EXO-2,3-EPOXYNORBORNANE 3146-39-2 C7H10O
(3-BROMOPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE (3-BROMOPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE 3989-13-7 C11H13BrSi
ALLYL 2-BROMOBENZYL ETHER  95 ALLYL 2-BROMOBENZYL ETHER 95 87280-01-1 C10H11BrO
1 4-DIDODECYL-2 5-DIIODOBENZENE 1 4-DIDODECYL-2 5-DIIODOBENZENE 162715-93-7 C30H52I2
7-BROMOBICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTANE 7-BROMOBICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTANE 13237-88-2 C7H11Br
TRANS-3-CHLORO-4,5-DIMETHOXY-BETA-NITRO& TRANS-3-CHLORO-4,5-DIMETHOXY-BETA-NITRO& 871126-37-3 C10H10ClNO4
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